AC is a large cockroach, approximately 2 inches in length that infests houses, schools, hospitals, and other large buildings. GC is a small cockroach, approximately three quarters of an inch in length, which commonly infests houses in the USA. These two species, GC and AC have been the center of cockroach allergy-related research. The most common domiciliary cockroach species are Blattella germanica (Bla g German cockroach: GC) and Periplaneta americana (Per a American cockroach: AC). Although immunotherapy for cockroach allergy may be effective, further randomized controlled clinical trials with larger number of patients and longer follow-up and using well-characterized cockroach extracts are required.Ĭockroach, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, Allergy, Asthma, Rhinitis, Immunotherapy.Ĭockroaches, commonly found in urban dwellings worldwide, are known to be vectors of various infectious diseases. The effective preventive approach combines the pesticide application, family education and physical elimination of hiding places. Cockroach allergen exposure appears to have a greater effect on asthma morbidity than that of dust mite or pet allergen among inner-city children with asthma. Patients with cockroach allergy have particularly high levels of serum IgE antibodies and steroid dependency as compared to general asthmatics patients. Early exposure to cockroach in children of atopic parents may increase the risk of developing asthma. Cockroach sensitivity is reported as 30% in Africa, 30% in India, 6–29% in European countries.
The high prevalence of patients with asthma has IgE to cockroach allergens have been reported in several urban or inner cities around the world. Respiratory allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis are the most common diseases associated with cockroach infestation of houses in the USA and other parts of the world. HLA-DRB1*01 alleles are considered to be associated with sensitization to cockroach allergens. The activated dendritic cells promote the adaptive immune system cells to a Th2 cell response and subsequently increase risk of sensitization. Cockroach-derived proteases lead to an increased penetration of cockroach allergen thru disturbing airway epithelial integrity, which can activate innate immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells) via binding to Toll-like receptor or C-type lectin receptors. Cockroach allergen-derived proteases play a direct role on airway epithelial as well as dendritic cells thru activation of the protease activated receptor (PAR)-2. Several reports and a meta-analysis also revealed that current infection with Ascaris might be associated with a significant increased risk of asthma. Structural homology between tropomyosins from cockroaches and crustaceans may explain clinical cases with the oral allergy syndrome in cockroach allergic patients consuming crustaceans e.g. Tropomyosin is an important major allergenic cockroach protein involved in cross-reactivity among insects, mites, crustaceans, mollusks, and parasites. The most common domiciliary cockroach species are Blattella germanica (German cockroach) and Periplaneta americana (American cockroach). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Ĭockroaches, generally found in urban homes worldwide, are known to be vectors of various infectious diseases. *Corresponding author: Oner Ozdemir, Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Research and Training, Hospital of Sakarya University, Adapazari, Sakarya, Turkey, Tel: + 90-264-444-54-00, Fax: +90-264-275-91-92, E-mail: Decem| Accepted: Decem| Published: December 31, 2014Ĭitation: Ozdemir O (2014) Cockroach Allergy, Respiratory Allergic Diseases and Its Immunotherapy. RESEARCH ARTICLE | VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 | OPEN ACCESS DOI: 10.23937/2378-3672/1410002Ĭockroach Allergy, Respiratory Allergic Diseases and Its Immunotherapyĭepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital of Sakarya University, Turkey
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